In the academic paper, “Impact of Smartphones on Society”, published in the European Journal of Scientific Research in 2013, the authors Muhammad Sarwar and Tariq Rahim Soomro explore and record the positive and negative impacts the smartphone has on society. Though the paper’s topic is broad, the two authors focus on the impacts on business, education, health sectors, human psychology, and social life. The two authors introduce the paper by explaining the drastic increase in the number of smartphones entering the world market of technology. Upon explaining the usefulness of smartphones and some brief history the two go on to argue that smartphones will soon play the role of a universal mobile terminal for communication.
The rhetor of this article are Tariq Rahim Soomro, a professor and Dean of IT at Sindh Madressatul Islam University, and Muhammad Sarwar, who in his past was a technology consultant at IBM, a senior Software Engineer at Connect2Web, and a Software Programmer at Universal Computing Services and now Teaches at the collegiate level. Though the reason for writing the paper was not explicitly stated, it can be assumed that the two authors witnessed the introduction of smartphones into society and used their education to analyze the effects. The article has a very professional tone, this offers very little emotion in the work and limits any appeal to pathos. The only topic that could offer an appeal to pathos is addictive qualities of smartphones mentioned, the word “addiction” has a certain connotation that evokes negative emotions. Though the analysis of the many topics, the authors appeal to logos by using many statistics and keeping to statements simple and logical. The Kairos of this paper is extremely timely. The world of smartphones is ever-growing, making this article as relevant as possible. The rhetors’ purpose of writing this paper was to inform. The structure of the paper was very neural, so it was clear the article was not meant to persuade. The audience of this paper is constantly growing along with the amount of smartphone users. Anyone who is interested in the effects of smartphones on society and how we function is a possible audience member of this paper. I found that the most important aspects of this paper can be better understood if we take a closer look at a summary of the text and the authors’ purpose, kairos, audience, exigence, and appeals to logos, ethos, and pathos.
In the body of the paper the authors introduce the analysis of the positive and negative impacts on business. Though the smartphone has made communication with business and between business, the authors’ state that the up rise of the smartphone has and will continue to radically hurt the market for person computers. The second topic the authors cover is education and the impacts smartphones has on school and learning. The authors explain the usefulness of the internet and its vast information and how smartphones are another, quicker, and more convenient form of accessing it. With the ultra-convenient access to the internet and all it entails, the authors mention that this has become a major source of distraction to the students and their focus on school work. The authors then turn to the health field and what the introduction of the smartphone has changed. Almost 27% of smartphone users use the devices to access health information and facilities along with the quick access to emergency help. Though the smartphone has increased the ability to access medical help, the authors claim smartphones can pose the danger of rationalizing the avoidance of doctors. Another negative impact on health noted by the authors included a lack of socialization in extreme cases. A less obvious but largely important aspect that smartphones impact in psychology, according to the authors. In today’s busy and stressful world, the authors mention that access to a smartphone has allowed people to communicate with those most important nearly anytime and anywhere. Along with the ease of communication, the authors express a major concern with smartphone addiction and how grave it could be. The final topic the authors cover is social impacts. The largest benefit of smartphones according to the authors is the convenience of communication, both for entertainment and needs. However, the takeover of smartphones has also lead to smartphone addiction and the issues pertaining to addiction. The authors conclude the paper by restating the fact that smartphones have greatly impacted society in both a positive and negative manner.
The authors’ purpose of writing the paper is not directly stated in the artifact, but there is evidence to support the notion that the authors wrote the academic article to inform their audience. The authors formatted the paper in a way to offer evidence that supports the negative and positive effects of smartphones on society concerning each of the five subtopics covered in the paper. This format suggests that the authors did not intend to persuade the audience to believe that smartphones has only a positive or negative influence on society. The tone, syntax, and word choice of the paper was very formal and informative, which proposes that the authors likely did not write the paper with intention to entertain. In addition to the tone, syntax, and word choice the paper was black and white with a professional font that reinforced the idea that the paper was not intended to entertain. The authors mentioned numerous facts for both negative and positive effects of smartphones, which strongly suggests the authors’ main purpose of writing this paper was to inform the audience and offer a neutral point of view on the topic. The kairos of this artifact is extremely relevant a multiple ways. Sarwar and Soomro published this paper in March of 2013, meaning the work is slightly over a year old and still exceptionally useful today. The artifact could possibly be even more useful today than the date it was published because more people today have smartphones than in March of 2013, but the issues covered in the paper still apply. In addition to the kairos of the publication of the artifact, the topic and issues covered in the paper are also relevant. The authors mention that the modern day smartphone has only been around for six years, when the first iPhone came out. Since then smartphones have taken over the mobile communication market and become as mainstream as any technology available. The rapid growth and likely continued growth prove the topic of smartphones is very relevant and the research the authors did will be applicable for years to come, especially if the negative impacts begin to have a larger effect on society. As other new technologies the human race is not familiar with is invented and becomes available to the consumer this artifact and the information provided could be useful to other technologies, meaning that the kairos of this article on smartphones could be useful in the future when analyzing the effects of different technology on society.
The current audience of this article is quite large. The main audience is likely other scientists, due to the fact the authors’ had the work published in the European Journal of Scientific Research. In addition to any scientist who reads the journal, the work was also available to anyone who in interested in the topics covered and has access to the printed journal or the internet. Less obvious the audience of this artifact is likely English-reading people, unless the work was translated.
The exigence of this artifact is not directly stated; but, it can be assumed that the authors noted some negative and positive effects of smartphones on society since their introduction. The authors’ likely took an interest to the way in which smartphone changed and will change society and decided to construct and academic paper on the topic to inform their audience about the effects. Another, less likely, source of exigence is the authors were required to write an academic paper on the topic for a variety of reason. Though the exigence is not specified in the text, the authors likely both took an interest to the subject and collaborated to create the research paper. There are many enthymemes in this paper because the topics are all something the average person can relate to. The topics: business, education, health sectors, human psychology, and social life, are all topics that nearly every person that reads the paper can relate to in some way or another. Despite the paper is published in an scientific journal, the words and topics are all common and easy to understand.
The authors did an exceptional job writing about and presenting the topic in a formal and neutral manner, resulting in a very effective paper. The fact the paper remained neutral throughout the entire artifact added to the effectiveness, which was to inform the audience. If the authors were to attempt to inform the audience, while only introducing either only the negative or positives of smartphones on society it could have been somewhat effective; but, not as effective as covering both sides of the issue. If the authors’ intention was to persuade the audience, they would have done a poor job and the paper would not have been effective. The purpose of the artifact is directly tied to the effectiveness of the paper. Considering the artifact is published in research journal, the notion that this paper is effective is likely widely agreed upon, especially in the scientific community.
The main rhetorical appeal in the paper is an appeal to logos. Every argument the authors is sounds and logical. The authors support many of the statements made in all of the subtopics with facts and statistics, all of which are credibly cited. The appeal to ethos is also strong in the artifact. The authors are both employed by universities in the United Arab Emirates. Muhammad Sarwar works for the Department of Information Technology, SZABIST in Dubai and Tariq Rahim Soomro works for the College of Engineering & Information Technology Al Ain University of Science & Technology. In addition to the authors’ professions, the work is published in a scientific journal, which also adds to the Ethos. The format and neutrality of the paper provide little to no of the authors’ person opinions. The lack of opinions in the artifact help to strengthen the appeal to logos, because often opinions can contain a lack of logic. The strong appeal to logos it partially credited to the lack of appeal to pathos. With the exception to the use of the word “addiction” and the connotation that word carries the artifact contains essentially no emotion and the arguments the authors are not rooted in emotion. The lack of emotion is notable because it can both improve the appeal to logos, but it could also deter some of the audience from taking the artifact because sometimes people find it difficult to support or take seriously topics that they cannot relate to emotionally.
The overall quality and effectiveness of this artifact is very high. The authors used logos, ethos, and a lack of pathos to establish a sound argument that smartphones have both a positive and negative effect on society. The authors do not attempt to report weather the positive or negative effects have a greater effects on society; but, they rather simply provide the findings to their audience. The topic the authors’ wrote about is relevant and indented for a large audience. Though there was no stated exigence, the reason the authors likely collaborated and wrote the paper is assumed to be the ever expanding use of smartphones and the clear impacts they have on society. The authors do an extraordinary job of gathering and stating evidence for both the positive and negative effects of smartphones on society.
Written By: Jack McCormick
The rhetor of this article are Tariq Rahim Soomro, a professor and Dean of IT at Sindh Madressatul Islam University, and Muhammad Sarwar, who in his past was a technology consultant at IBM, a senior Software Engineer at Connect2Web, and a Software Programmer at Universal Computing Services and now Teaches at the collegiate level. Though the reason for writing the paper was not explicitly stated, it can be assumed that the two authors witnessed the introduction of smartphones into society and used their education to analyze the effects. The article has a very professional tone, this offers very little emotion in the work and limits any appeal to pathos. The only topic that could offer an appeal to pathos is addictive qualities of smartphones mentioned, the word “addiction” has a certain connotation that evokes negative emotions. Though the analysis of the many topics, the authors appeal to logos by using many statistics and keeping to statements simple and logical. The Kairos of this paper is extremely timely. The world of smartphones is ever-growing, making this article as relevant as possible. The rhetors’ purpose of writing this paper was to inform. The structure of the paper was very neural, so it was clear the article was not meant to persuade. The audience of this paper is constantly growing along with the amount of smartphone users. Anyone who is interested in the effects of smartphones on society and how we function is a possible audience member of this paper. I found that the most important aspects of this paper can be better understood if we take a closer look at a summary of the text and the authors’ purpose, kairos, audience, exigence, and appeals to logos, ethos, and pathos.
In the body of the paper the authors introduce the analysis of the positive and negative impacts on business. Though the smartphone has made communication with business and between business, the authors’ state that the up rise of the smartphone has and will continue to radically hurt the market for person computers. The second topic the authors cover is education and the impacts smartphones has on school and learning. The authors explain the usefulness of the internet and its vast information and how smartphones are another, quicker, and more convenient form of accessing it. With the ultra-convenient access to the internet and all it entails, the authors mention that this has become a major source of distraction to the students and their focus on school work. The authors then turn to the health field and what the introduction of the smartphone has changed. Almost 27% of smartphone users use the devices to access health information and facilities along with the quick access to emergency help. Though the smartphone has increased the ability to access medical help, the authors claim smartphones can pose the danger of rationalizing the avoidance of doctors. Another negative impact on health noted by the authors included a lack of socialization in extreme cases. A less obvious but largely important aspect that smartphones impact in psychology, according to the authors. In today’s busy and stressful world, the authors mention that access to a smartphone has allowed people to communicate with those most important nearly anytime and anywhere. Along with the ease of communication, the authors express a major concern with smartphone addiction and how grave it could be. The final topic the authors cover is social impacts. The largest benefit of smartphones according to the authors is the convenience of communication, both for entertainment and needs. However, the takeover of smartphones has also lead to smartphone addiction and the issues pertaining to addiction. The authors conclude the paper by restating the fact that smartphones have greatly impacted society in both a positive and negative manner.
The authors’ purpose of writing the paper is not directly stated in the artifact, but there is evidence to support the notion that the authors wrote the academic article to inform their audience. The authors formatted the paper in a way to offer evidence that supports the negative and positive effects of smartphones on society concerning each of the five subtopics covered in the paper. This format suggests that the authors did not intend to persuade the audience to believe that smartphones has only a positive or negative influence on society. The tone, syntax, and word choice of the paper was very formal and informative, which proposes that the authors likely did not write the paper with intention to entertain. In addition to the tone, syntax, and word choice the paper was black and white with a professional font that reinforced the idea that the paper was not intended to entertain. The authors mentioned numerous facts for both negative and positive effects of smartphones, which strongly suggests the authors’ main purpose of writing this paper was to inform the audience and offer a neutral point of view on the topic. The kairos of this artifact is extremely relevant a multiple ways. Sarwar and Soomro published this paper in March of 2013, meaning the work is slightly over a year old and still exceptionally useful today. The artifact could possibly be even more useful today than the date it was published because more people today have smartphones than in March of 2013, but the issues covered in the paper still apply. In addition to the kairos of the publication of the artifact, the topic and issues covered in the paper are also relevant. The authors mention that the modern day smartphone has only been around for six years, when the first iPhone came out. Since then smartphones have taken over the mobile communication market and become as mainstream as any technology available. The rapid growth and likely continued growth prove the topic of smartphones is very relevant and the research the authors did will be applicable for years to come, especially if the negative impacts begin to have a larger effect on society. As other new technologies the human race is not familiar with is invented and becomes available to the consumer this artifact and the information provided could be useful to other technologies, meaning that the kairos of this article on smartphones could be useful in the future when analyzing the effects of different technology on society.
The current audience of this article is quite large. The main audience is likely other scientists, due to the fact the authors’ had the work published in the European Journal of Scientific Research. In addition to any scientist who reads the journal, the work was also available to anyone who in interested in the topics covered and has access to the printed journal or the internet. Less obvious the audience of this artifact is likely English-reading people, unless the work was translated.
The exigence of this artifact is not directly stated; but, it can be assumed that the authors noted some negative and positive effects of smartphones on society since their introduction. The authors’ likely took an interest to the way in which smartphone changed and will change society and decided to construct and academic paper on the topic to inform their audience about the effects. Another, less likely, source of exigence is the authors were required to write an academic paper on the topic for a variety of reason. Though the exigence is not specified in the text, the authors likely both took an interest to the subject and collaborated to create the research paper. There are many enthymemes in this paper because the topics are all something the average person can relate to. The topics: business, education, health sectors, human psychology, and social life, are all topics that nearly every person that reads the paper can relate to in some way or another. Despite the paper is published in an scientific journal, the words and topics are all common and easy to understand.
The authors did an exceptional job writing about and presenting the topic in a formal and neutral manner, resulting in a very effective paper. The fact the paper remained neutral throughout the entire artifact added to the effectiveness, which was to inform the audience. If the authors were to attempt to inform the audience, while only introducing either only the negative or positives of smartphones on society it could have been somewhat effective; but, not as effective as covering both sides of the issue. If the authors’ intention was to persuade the audience, they would have done a poor job and the paper would not have been effective. The purpose of the artifact is directly tied to the effectiveness of the paper. Considering the artifact is published in research journal, the notion that this paper is effective is likely widely agreed upon, especially in the scientific community.
The main rhetorical appeal in the paper is an appeal to logos. Every argument the authors is sounds and logical. The authors support many of the statements made in all of the subtopics with facts and statistics, all of which are credibly cited. The appeal to ethos is also strong in the artifact. The authors are both employed by universities in the United Arab Emirates. Muhammad Sarwar works for the Department of Information Technology, SZABIST in Dubai and Tariq Rahim Soomro works for the College of Engineering & Information Technology Al Ain University of Science & Technology. In addition to the authors’ professions, the work is published in a scientific journal, which also adds to the Ethos. The format and neutrality of the paper provide little to no of the authors’ person opinions. The lack of opinions in the artifact help to strengthen the appeal to logos, because often opinions can contain a lack of logic. The strong appeal to logos it partially credited to the lack of appeal to pathos. With the exception to the use of the word “addiction” and the connotation that word carries the artifact contains essentially no emotion and the arguments the authors are not rooted in emotion. The lack of emotion is notable because it can both improve the appeal to logos, but it could also deter some of the audience from taking the artifact because sometimes people find it difficult to support or take seriously topics that they cannot relate to emotionally.
The overall quality and effectiveness of this artifact is very high. The authors used logos, ethos, and a lack of pathos to establish a sound argument that smartphones have both a positive and negative effect on society. The authors do not attempt to report weather the positive or negative effects have a greater effects on society; but, they rather simply provide the findings to their audience. The topic the authors’ wrote about is relevant and indented for a large audience. Though there was no stated exigence, the reason the authors likely collaborated and wrote the paper is assumed to be the ever expanding use of smartphones and the clear impacts they have on society. The authors do an extraordinary job of gathering and stating evidence for both the positive and negative effects of smartphones on society.
Written By: Jack McCormick